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The Devil's Footprint in Ipswich is located on Meetinghouse Green.

From the front sign walk up to the left front corner of the church. Turn to face the downtown. Walk toward the outcropping of rocks. turn to the right and walk towards North Main Steet. 

The Devil’s Footprint

The Day the Devil Took a Flying Leap

In the autumn of 1740, the Devil was quite comfortable in Ipswich, Massachusetts. For years, Satan had made a home in the bellcot atop the old wooden meetinghouse on Town Hill. It was a fine place to live, high above the congregation, with an excellent view of the town and its inhabitants. From this lofty perch, the Adversary could watch the respectable people of Ipswich go about their business, listen to their prayers, and take particular pleasure in knowing how often their private behavior differed from their public piety.

And what a delightful collection of sinners they were! There were merchants who cheated their customers, neighbors who gossiped about one another, and churchgoers who nodded solemnly through sermons while thinking about anything but God. The Devil had grown rather fond of Ipswich. It was a respectable town, full of respectable people doing occasionally unrespectable things. Best of all, nobody seemed particularly interested in changing.

Then George Whitefield arrived.

On Tuesday, September 30, 1740, the young English preacher came to Ipswich with a reputation for fiery sermons and a voice powerful enough to make sinners tremble. Word of his arrival had spread throughout the countryside, and people came from miles around to hear him. They came on foot. They came on horseback. They came in wagons. Farmers, merchants, laborers, and their families crowded onto Town Hill until thousands had gathered around the old meetinghouse.


From the bellcot, the Devil watched with growing interest. What a marvelous crowd! Surely there would be enough wickedness among so many people to keep Satan entertained for weeks. But there was a problem. There were far too many people to fit inside the meetinghouse. Instead of gathering beneath its familiar roof, the congregation spread across Meetinghouse Green. Whitefield took his place outdoors, standing where the great crowd could see and hear him.

The Devil was not pleased. For years, Satan had enjoyed a comfortable view of the congregation from above. Now the entire gathering had abandoned the building, leaving the Adversary perched in the bellcot with nothing to do but listen. And listen they did.


Whitefield began to preach. At first, Lucifer was unconcerned. The Devil had heard hundreds of sermons condemning sin, warning against temptation, and promising eternal punishment. Most had accomplished very little. Why should this one be any different? But Whitefield was unlike the preachers Ipswich had heard before.

His voice thundered across the Green. He warned of sin and damnation, called the wicked to repentance, and condemned Satan with such passion that the crowd began to weep and cry out. The Devil frowned. Whitefield grew louder. The Devil covered their ears. Whitefield continued. Satan shifted uncomfortably in the bellcot. Surely this fellow would run out of breath eventually.


He did not.


The preacher's words rolled across Town Hill like thunder, shaking the confidence of sinners and stirring the hearts of the faithful. Every warning about wickedness seemed aimed directly at the Devil's comfortable little arrangement in Ipswich. Lucifer had endured years of sermons, but this was becoming intolerable. It was bad enough that Whitefield had drawn the entire congregation outdoors. Now the man was convincing people to give up their wicked ways! What would become of Ipswich if everyone suddenly started behaving themselves?

The Devil leaned out of the bellcot and glared down at the preacher. Whitefield raised his voice again. That was quite enough.

With a furious howl, Satan scrambled out of the bellcot and down the steep roof of the meetinghouse. Horns gleamed in the autumn sunlight, a long tail lashed behind, and cloven hooves struck the wooden shingles as the Devil descended. The crowd gasped. The Devil leaped from the roof, landed upon the Green, and charged straight toward Whitefield. But the preacher did not run. Whitefield stood his ground, Bible in hand, and continued preaching.


The Devil lunged. Whitefield pushed back. And there, before the astonished people of Ipswich, the young preacher and the Adversary began to wrestle. They shoved and struggled across the Green, kicking up dirt and grass as the Devil clawed and struck at Whitefield. But the preacher would not yield. Every attack was met with another thunderous condemnation, every wicked threat answered with the Holy Word.

The Devil had never encountered anything quite so irritating. Satan had spent centuries tempting mortals, spreading wickedness, and terrifying the faithful. Yet here was a young preacher, scarcely concerned for his own safety, shouting scripture directly into the face of the Prince of Darkness. And in front of thousands of people! This would never do.

The Devil tried to seize Whitefield. Whitefield threw the Devil back. They grappled across the grass and stumbled over the rocky ground, neither willing to surrender. Then, with a tremendous leap, Satan sprang onto the meetinghouse roof, seeking the safety of the bellcot. Whitefield followed. Up the steep wooden roof they scrambled, the Devil clawing for a foothold while the preacher continued shouting scripture. Below them, the people of Ipswich watched in horror as the struggle climbed higher and higher.

At last, they reached the bellcot. There, above the great gathering on Meetinghouse Green, the Devil turned for one final confrontation. Lucifer bared their teeth, stamped a cloven hoof, and prepared to send the troublesome preacher tumbling to the ground. But Whitefield was not finished. Drawing a mighty breath, the preacher delivered a final condemnation so fierce that the very bell seemed to tremble.

The Devil staggered. Whitefield shouted again. And with one tremendous shove, the preacher sent Satan flying off the meetinghouse. Out into the autumn air sailed the Devil, horns first and tail flailing, twisting and tumbling toward the rocky ledge below. The congregation watched in horrified silence. At the last possible moment, Lucifer managed to turn in midair and land upon a single cloven hoof.

CRASH!

The impact shook Town Hill. Sparks flew. Smoke billowed. The solid granite split beneath the force of the landing, and the Devil's hoof sank deep into the rock. For one dreadful moment, Satan stood perfectly still, staring down at the stone. Then came a howl of fury loud enough to wake the dead.

The Devil pulled their hoof free, leaving a deep impression in the granite, and bounded down the hill in a series of enormous leaps. Over fences, through fields, and away from the meetinghouse fled the Adversary, disappearing into the countryside without so much as a backward glance. The Prince of Darkness had been driven out of Ipswich by a preacher with a Bible and an extraordinarily loud voice. And the Devil was not about to return for another sermon.

The people of Ipswich gathered around the rocky ledge. There, pressed deep into the solid stone, was the unmistakable mark of a cloven hoof. They stared. They whispered. They shook their heads. The Devil had come to church and left in quite a hurry.

Years passed, and the old wooden meetinghouse disappeared. Other churches rose upon Town Hill, and generations of Ipswich residents came and went. But the mark remained. Even when fire destroyed the church in 1965, the footprint survived. And there it remains today, on the rocky ledge beside First Church in Ipswich, a reminder of the September morning when George Whitefield preached so fiercely that the Devil took a flying leap out of town.

Satan has never returned to reclaim that comfortable place in the bellcot. Of course, whether the Devil has stayed entirely out of Ipswich is another question. After all, the Adversary always did have a particular fondness for respectable people with a few secrets to hide.

Many Versions, One Devil

Like most good folklore, the Devil’s Footprint has changed a little with each retelling. For generations, Ipswich residents, historians, and storytellers have shared different versions of what happened when Reverend George Whitefield came to town on September 30, 1740. Some versions are wonderfully dramatic, others are quite simple, but they all end with the Devil leaving his mark on Meeting House Green.


In some tellings, the Devil had been living comfortably inside a mirror behind the church pulpit, watching the congregation until Whitefield’s preaching became too much to bear. In others, he was hiding in the belfry, listening to the sermon from above. Some accounts describe the Devil bursting through the mirror and confronting Whitefield directly, while others have him fleeing at the sound of the preacher’s booming voice.

The confrontation itself changes depending on who is telling the story. Sometimes Whitefield and the Devil wrestle across the church and up the steeple, where the preacher finally throws his opponent to the ground. In other versions, Whitefield never lays a hand on him; his words alone are enough to send the Devil leaping from the church.


Even the Devil’s departure has a few variations. He might land with a tremendous crash, sending smoke and sparks flying from the granite, or simply leap from the steeple and flee in terror. What remains consistent is the footprint he leaves behind, pressed into the rocks outside the church.

These differences are part of what makes folklore interesting. Stories change as people tell them, borrowing details, adding a little drama, and occasionally making the Devil look even more ridiculous. More than 285 years later, the people of Ipswich are still telling the story, still debating the details, and still pointing visitors toward that curious mark in the stone.

Some Variations

The Shattered Mirror (Satan in Hiding)

  • The Setup: Local legend holds that Old Satan lived inside or behind the mirror hanging near the pulpit inside the First Church meetinghouse, using it as a secret vantage point to monitor the congregation.
  • The Eruption: During Rev. George Whitefield’s thunderous revival sermon on September 30, 1740, the power of the preaching was so intensely uncomfortable that Satan panicked, shattered the mirror glass, and burst out into the church aisle.

The Steeple Pursuit & Belfry Battle

  • The Climb: Desperate to escape Whitefield’s booming voice, Satan fled up the interior stairs into the belfry and out onto the steep pitched roof of the church.
  • The Defeat: Whitefield pursued him to the highest peak. With a final, impassioned prayer (and in some versions, a physical kick), Whitefield cast the Devil off the roof of the steeple.

The Outdoor Preaching at Pulpit Rock

  • The Alternative Setting: Because an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 people swarmed Meetinghouse Green, far exceeding the capacity of First Church, Whitefield preached outdoors while standing atop the massive granite ledge known as "Pulpit Rock."
  • The Confrontation: Satan manifested on the rock face to disrupt the gathering, but Whitefield turned his famously piercing gaze on the demon, using the raw energy of the First Great Awakening to physically knock Satan backward onto the stone.

The Impact & The Cloven Hoofmark

  • The Landing: Plummeting from either the steeple or the pulpit outcrop, Satan struck the flat granite ledge on Meetinghouse Green with violent force.
  • The Imprint: The impact blasted a deep, distinct cloven-hoof depression into the hard metamorphic rock, leaving behind sizzling steam and the pungent smell of sulfur.

The Great Leap Across the River

  • The Flight: Crippled and humiliated, Satan gathered his strength and took a single massive bound across the Ipswich River, fleeing toward the marshes and vowing never to enter Ipswich again.

Local Echoes & Modern Lore

  • The Painted Ring: The distinct indentation remains preserved on Meetinghouse Green today, officially encircled by a painted ring of green coat to mark the site for visitors.
  • The Mirror Curse: A lingering local superstition claims that if you look too closely into an old mirror in town late at night, you can still spot the Devil watching from behind the glass.


The Historical Edifice

The Third Meetinghouse (1699–1749)

Overview & Setting

  • The True 1740 Site: When Rev. George Whitefield delivered his famous sermon on September 30, 1740, he preached at the Third Meetinghouse.
  • Location: Built in 1699 on Meetinghouse Green (near the present-day soldiers' monument), constructed on ground banked with stones and gravel salvaged from the old 17th-century fort.
  • Pulpit & Rock Placement: First Church records state the original pulpit was placed "near ye edge of ye great rock in ye meeting house about seventeen foot from ye wall."  Whitefield likely stood directly adjacent to the granite outcrop inside the hall.

Architectural Framework & Design

  • Dimensions & Framework: Measured 66 feet long by 60 feet wide, framed with massive 26-foot wall posts (studs) in a late First-Period "four-square" style (a symmetrical, square-plan building topped with a hipped roofline).
  • Roofline & Turret: Framed with multiple gables along the roof slopes ("2 or 3 gables on every side") and a central turret crowned with a flag weather vane.
  • The Bell: A church bell, funded by town subscription in 1699/1700, hung inside the central turret. The building had no clock face.
  • Master Builders: Framed and raised by master Ipswich housewrights Abraham Tilton and Abraham Perkins.

Fact Check: Common Visual & Story Anachronisms

Popular Story Element : Historical Fact for Sept 30, 1740

  • The Town Clock - False for 1740. The town's first clock was landed in Ipswich on May 29, 1762, and installed in the steeple of the Fourth Meetinghouse in September 1762.
  • The 18th-Century Steeple - False for 1740. The traditional belfry steeple shown in the downtown mural belonged to the Fourth Meetinghouse, erected in 1749 (nine years after Whitefield's visit).
  • The Knowlton Pulpit - False for 1740. Craftsman Abraham Knowlton built this historic pulpit specifically for the 1749 Fourth Meetinghouse.
  • The Gothic Spire - False for 1740. The soaring spire often depicted in art belonged to the Fifth Meetinghouse (built 1847, burned 1965).

George Whitefield’s Documented Visits to Ipswich

September 30, 1740

(First Visit & The Footprint Legend) The Journal Entry:

“Tuesday, Sept. 30. Preached at Ipswich about ten in the morning to some thousands; the Lord gave me freedom, and there was great melting in the congregation.”

  • Historical Context: Whitefield rode in from Salem on his first New England revival tour. An estimated 2,000 to 3,000 people swarmed Meetinghouse Green, packing into the Third Meetinghouse and spilling out onto the rocks—creating the setting for the famous confrontation legend. He departed for Newburyport later that afternoon.

October 11, 1740 (Return Swing South)

  • The Journal Entry: Whitefield briefly passed back through Essex County on his way from New Hampshire toward Boston, stopping in Ipswich to deliver an encore address to local revival supporters ("New Lights").

February 7–8, 1745 (Second New England Tour)

  • The Record: Mentioned in Whitefield’s unpublished 1744–1745 journal (now held at Princeton Theological Seminary) and parish notes.
  • Historical Context: Facing intense opposition from conservative Boston ministers, Whitefield retreated to the supportive North Shore. He stayed in Ipswich for several days as a guest of Rev. Nathaniel Rogers (co-pastor of First Church) and preached repeatedly to enthusiastic crowds.

July 1754 (Fifth American Tour)

  • The Record: Documented in both Whitefield's correspondence and the diary of Mary Cleaveland (wife of Chebacco/Ipswich 4th Parish pastor Rev. John Cleaveland):
  • “The Rev. Mr. Whitefield came to our house and preached the next morning in Mr. Cleaveland’s meeting house and went to [the common] and preached two times and came and lodged with us that night.”
  • Historical Context: Whitefield preached both at First Parish on Meetinghouse Green and at Chebacco Parish, staying overnight with the Cleavelands.

September 1770 (Final Preaching Tour)

  • Historical Context: In late September 1770, an aging, severely asthmatic Whitefield made his final trip through New England. He preached in Ipswich on his way to Newburyport, where he died suddenly on September 30, 1770... exactly 30 years to the day after his famous 1740 Ipswich sermon.